Sunday, December 2, 2012

ALLPORT'S THEORY



                                    


This essay will briefly describe both Monica’s housekeeping routine and her relationship with her friends and family in terms of cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits. In addition, I will explain Monica’s behavior and identify which autonomy represents and how does  Monica does or does not fulfill the criteria of normal, mature, and emotional healthy adult according to Allport’s specifications, along with a possible cultural bias. Finally, I will identify and describe which values are likely to be dominant in Monica based on Allport’s Study of Values and how cultural background or gender might contribute to the dominance of these values.
According to Allport’s theory, cardinal traits “are the traits that some people have which practically define their life”. ( Boeree, 2006). Monica’s housekeeping routine in terms of cardinal traits is most likely to be the love for number precision and  “this is a characteristic that she has carried into her housekeeping chores”. ( Case Study: Gordon Allport). Monica’s defined cardinal trait in terms of her relationship with her friends is the fact that her social group is very important for her and she is in constant touch with all of her friends. Monica’s need for socialization define her personality, especially because she gets along better with her friends than her own spouse. As far as her relationship with her family in terms of cardinal traits, Monica can be defined as a great mother, “she takes care of her children’s physical and emotional needs”. ( Case Study: Gordon Allport). On the other hand, her relationship with her husband could be defined as distant and less important to her than the relationship with her friends.
According to Schultz & Schultz ( 2009) , “central traits are the handful of outstanding traits that describe a person’s behavior”. ( p.247). Monica’s housekeeping can be described as perfectionist and almost neurotic, obsessed for the cleaning of her household; she cannot stand clutter in her home. Monica is described by her friends as loyal, warm, supportive, talkative, and with a big heart and a god mom by her children.. The descriptions of Monica’s friends and children about her personality support the idea that “everyone has a few central traits” ( Schultz & Schultz, 2009, p.247).
Secondary traits are the less influential and less consistent, characteristics that could only be recognized by an individual’s closest family and friends. In this case Monica’s secondary traits could be her obsession with a perfect, clean household given that “All her friends agree”. (Case Study: Gordon Allport). Monica’s children now how a very dedicate and pragmatic mother she can be, especially for her disabled child, Jenna, making sure her needs are met. Monica also makes sure  her children have fun but they also know she can lose her temper from time to time with them.
Monica is clearly obsessed with a spotless home which she cleans every day without an apparent reward. She chooses to clean and vacuum all rooms of the house every day and does a perfect job, almost as it was her job, but she does not get paid, get gifts, or even compliments from her husband. According to Boeree ( 2006), “perseverative functional autonomy refers essentially to habits -- behaviors that no longer serve their original purpose, but still continue”. (p. 1). This type of behavior is almost an unconscious habit that does not necessarily describe an individual’s personality. Monica’s obsession with cleaning may be due to the education her parents gave her, teaching her to be clean and organized, reinforced by treats as a reward.
At a first glance, we could say Monica is a healthy, mature adult who is always concerned about others, offering her help to those who need it. However, Monica feels her lack of self-realization compared to most of her friends, make her feel insecure and less intelligence than those who attended college. The Case Study describes Monica as  “insecure about not having attended college” (Case Study: Gordon Allport), and although she wants to pursue at least an Associate’s degree in Legal Studies, she is still scare of the big challenge. According to Schultz & Schultz (2009), “ the mature adult’s self-acceptance helps him or her achieve emotional security”, a statement that does not describe how Monica feels about herself. A cultural bias that I noticed in Allport’s theory is the criteria that states a mature adult “makes a commitment to some type of work” ( Schultz & Schultz, 2009). Although financial stability is important in our society, is not the main characteristic of a mature individual in every society in the world.
Monica’s most dominant values are the social influences because she is very concerned about her social life and the relationship with her friends. Monica’s friends “are a very important part of her social support network, especially since she does not have co-workers with whom to interact and because her husband travels a lot for his job”. (Case Study: Gordon Allport). Monica’s lack of assertiveness  and a great concern for others might be due to her gender which is supported by research done on the subject. For instance, “ women tend to score lower than do men on tests measuring assertiveness” ( Schultz & Schultz, 2009), possibly because women are trained not to assert themselves.
In conclusion, this essay briefly describe both Monica’s housekeeping routine and her relationship with her friends and family in terms of cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits. In addition, I explained Monica’s behavior and identify which autonomy represents and how does  Monica does not fulfill the criteria of normal, mature, and emotional healthy adult according to Allport’s specifications, along with a possible cultural bias. Finally, I  identified and described which values are likely to be dominant in Monica based on Allport’s Study of Values and how cultural background or gender contributed to the dominance of these values.




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